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About INQUEST INQUEST is a charity that provides a free advice service to bereaved people on contentious deaths and their investigation with a particular focus on deaths in custody. Casework also informs our research, parliamentary, campaigning and policy work.
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Deaths of young people and children in prison
The medically-qualified practitioner who carries out a post–mortem examination.The medically-qualified practitioner who carries out a post–mortem examination.The place where a body is taken after its removal from the place of death.The place where a body is taken after its removal from the place of death.(also post-mortem(also postmortem) A medical examination to determine the cause of death, also called an autopsy.) A medical examination to determine the cause of death, also called an autopsy.(also post-mortem(also postmortem) A medical examination to determine the cause of death, also called an autopsy.) A medical examination to determine the cause of death, also called an autopsy.A legal term (Latin for "under judgment") which means that a case is currently at trial or being considered by a judge or court, and so cannot be discussed in public.A legal term (Latin for "under judgment") which means that a case is currently at trial or being considered by a judge or court, and so cannot be discussed in public.Secure Training CentreA prosecution for a crime which arises for example from the circumstances of a death.A prosecution for a crime which arises for example from the circumstances of a death.The person who works for the coronerThe legal official who orders a post-mortem and who is in charge of the inquest procedure. and is responsible for making arrangements for the inquest.The person who works for the coronerThe legal official who orders a post-mortem and who is in charge of the inquest procedure. and is responsible for making arrangements for the inquest.The chief legal officer of the United Kingdom. It is a government cabinet position.The chief legal officer of the United Kingdom. It is a government cabinet position.Legal cases which are not criminal trials, sometimes involving a claim for damagesA payment of money in recognition of certain kinds of suffering or injury, also called damages./compensationA payment of money in recognition of certain kinds of suffering or injury, also called damages..Legal cases which are not criminal trials, sometimes involving a claim for damagesA payment of money in recognition of certain kinds of suffering or injury, also called damages./compensationA payment of money in recognition of certain kinds of suffering or injury, also called damages..Legal cases which are not criminal trials, sometimes involving a claim for damages/compensation.Legal cases which are not criminal trials, sometimes involving a claim for damages/compensation.A term used to describe proceedings in the High Court (such as a judicial review) when they are heard by two or more judges.A term used to describe proceedings in the High Court (such as a judicial review) when they are heard by two or more judges.Usually called clinical negligenceClinical negligence is a legal term for a medical accident where a patient has not received care to a proper standard, and that substandard care has also caused the patient a physical injury. Sometimes also called medical negligence., a legal term for a medical accident where a patient has not received care to a proper standard, and that substandard care has also caused the patient a physical injury.Usually called clinical negligenceClinical negligence is a legal term for a medical accident where a patient has not received care to a proper standard, and that substandard care has also caused the patient a physical injury. Sometimes also called medical negligence., a legal term for a medical accident where a patient has not received care to a proper standard, and that substandard care has also caused the patient a physical injury.The part of the Public Funding scheme that allows a solicitor to give advice for the preparation of an inquest for no cost if the client is on income support.The part of the Public Funding scheme that allows a solicitor to give advice for the preparation of an inquest for no cost if the client is on income support.A form of verdict letting a jury give a longer explanation of what they think are the main or important issues.A form of verdict letting a jury give a longer explanation of what they think are the main or important issues.Since 1 October 2009 the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has taken over the judicial functions of the House of Lords. It is the court of last resort and highest court of appeal in the United Kingdom.Since 1 October 2009 the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has taken over the judicial functions of the House of Lords. It is the court of last resort and highest court of appeal in the United Kingdom.The government's in-house lawyers, who will act for the Prison Service in instructing barristers at inquests.The government's in-house lawyers, who will act for the Prison Service in instructing barristers at inquests.The highest civil court where cases may be heard for the first time. It also hears appeals and conducts judicial reviewA type of court proceeding in which a High Court judge or judges reviews the lawfulness of the way a decision was made or and action was taken by a public body or official such as a coroner.s, and supervises magistrates and crown courts.The highest civil court where cases may be heard for the first time. It also hears appeals and conducts judicial reviewA type of court proceeding in which a High Court judge or judges reviews the lawfulness of the way a decision was made or and action was taken by a public body or official such as a coroner.s, and supervises magistrates and crown courts.Public means-tested financial assistance for representation during legal proceedings. It is not available for representation at most inquests. The Lord ChancellorThe cabinet minister in the government responsible for the effective running of the legal system in England and Wales. can grant it in exceptional cases.Public means-tested financial assistance for representation during legal proceedings. It is not available for representation at most inquests. The Lord ChancellorThe cabinet minister in the government responsible for the effective running of the legal system in England and Wales. can grant it in exceptional cases.The standard of proof in a civil court cases and for inquest verdicts other than unlawful killing or suicide. In these cases, one outcome need only be more probable than all the others.The standard of proof in a civil court cases and for inquest verdicts other than unlawful killing or suicide. In these cases, one outcome need only be more probable than all the others.The standard of proof in a civil court cases and for inquest verdicts other than unlawful killing or suicide. In these cases, one outcome need only be more probable than all the others.The standard of proof in a civil court cases and for inquest verdicts other than unlawful killing or suicide. In these cases, one outcome need only be more probable than all the others.The standard of proof in a civil court cases and for inquest verdicts other than unlawful killing or suicide. In these cases, one outcome need only be more probable than all the others.The standard of proof in a civil court cases and for inquest verdicts other than unlawful killing or suicide. In these cases, one outcome need only be more probable than all the others.An inquest into a death involving the state or state agents is required to be, in many ways, more thorough and wide ranging than inquests that do not engage the duties required by article 2Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights says that the state must not take someone’s life, except in very limited circumstances. The effect of article 2 is that the state has a duty to protect life and to carry out an effective investigation into a death involving the state or state agents. An inquest is normally the way which this is carried outArticle 2Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights says that the state must not take someone’s life, except in very limited circumstances. The effect of article 2 is that the state has a duty to protect life and to carry out an effective investigation into a death involving the state or state agents. An inquest is normally the way which this is carried out of the European Convention on Human Rights says that the state must not take someone’s life, except in very limited circumstances. The effect of article 2 is that the state has a duty to protect life and to carry out an effective investigation into a death involving the state or state agents. An inquest is normally the way which this is carried out of the ECHRThe European Convention on Human Rights is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe, incorporated into UK law as the Human Rights Act 1998. All Council of Europe member states including the UK have signed the Convention..An inquest into a death involving the state or state agents is required to be, in many ways, more thorough and wide ranging than inquests that do not engage the duties required by article 2Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights says that the state must not take someone’s life, except in very limited circumstances. The effect of article 2 is that the state has a duty to protect life and to carry out an effective investigation into a death involving the state or state agents. An inquest is normally the way which this is carried out of the ECHRThe European Convention on Human Rights is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe, incorporated into UK law as the Human Rights Act 1998. All Council of Europe member states including the UK have signed the Convention..An inquest into a death involving the state or state agents is required to be, in many ways, more thorough and wide ranging than inquests that do not engage the duties required by article 2 of the ECHR.An inquest into a death involving the state or state agents is required to be, in many ways, more thorough and wide ranging than inquests that do not engage the duties required by article 2 of the ECHR.The standard of
proof in a civil court cases and for inquest
verdicts other than unlawful killing or
suicide. In these cases, one outcome need
only be more probable than all the others.The standard of
proof in a civil court cases and for inquest
verdicts other than unlawful killing or
suicide. In these cases, one outcome need
only be more probable than all the others.Those people defined in the Coroners Act 1988 as having a right to ask questions at the inquest. Family members such as parents, children, spouses, civil partners or partners of the person who has died automatically come within the definition and can ask questions at the inquest. Other relatives and those with close relationships may also be regarded as Properly Interested Persons.Those people defined in the Coroners Act 1988 as having a right to ask questions at the inquest. Family members such as parents, children, spouses, civil partners or partners of the person who has died automatically come within the definition and can ask questions at the inquest. Other relatives and those with close relationships may also be regarded as Properly Interested Persons.The organisation responsible for providing
Public Funds for legal work.The organisation responsible for providing
Public Funds for legal work.The highest standard of proof required in legal hearings and needed for returning inquest verdicts of unlawful killing or suicide.The highest standard of proof required in legal hearings and needed for returning inquest verdicts of unlawful killing or suicide.The highest
standard of proof required in legal hearings
and needed for returning inquest verdicts of unlawful killing or suicide.The highest
standard of proof required in legal hearings
and needed for returning inquest verdicts of unlawful killing or suicide.Formerly known as police surgeons, FMEFormerly known as police surgeons, Forensic Medical Examiners or police doctors examine and assess the medical needs of people detained in police custody.s or police doctors examine and assess the medical needs of people detained in police custody.Formerly known as police surgeons, FMEFormerly known as police surgeons, Forensic Medical Examiners or police doctors examine and assess the medical needs of people detained in police custody.s or police doctors examine and assess the medical needs of people detained in police custody.The DPP is a government-appointed legal officer who is the head of, and responsible for, the Crown Prosecution ServiceThe CPS is responsible for deciding whether or not there is enough police evidence to undertake a criminal prosecution for a general criminal offence (e.g. manslaughter) both before and in some cases after the inquest, and whether or not a prosecution is in the public interest..The DPP is a government-appointed legal officer who is the head of, and responsible for, the Crown Prosecution ServiceThe CPS is responsible for deciding whether or not there is enough police evidence to undertake a criminal prosecution for a general criminal offence (e.g. manslaughter) both before and in some cases after the inquest, and whether or not a prosecution is in the public interest..The ECHR is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe, incorporated into UK law as the Human Rights ActThe Human Rights Act 1998 is an Act of Parliament that incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. 1998. All Council of Europe member states including the UK have signed the Convention.The ECHR is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe, incorporated into UK law as the Human Rights ActThe Human Rights Act 1998 is an Act of Parliament that incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. 1998. All Council of Europe member states including the UK have signed the Convention.
Please see Table 1 for a breakdown of youth deaths (aged 21 and under) in prisons and Young Offender Institutions (YOIYoung Offender Institution - prison for people aged 21 and unders) by year since 1990. INQUEST believes that the readiness of the courts to place young offenders in prison has terrifying results and that even the death of one young person whilst in the care of the state is one too many.
Included in the figures in Table 1 are deaths of thirty-one children aged 17 and under in prisons and YOIYoung Offender Institution - prison for people aged 21 and unders, and Figure 2 illustrates the number of such deaths since 1990; the graph also includes two deaths in Secure Training Centres (STCSecure Training Centres) in 2004, one self-inflicted and one during restraint. These last two deaths do not appear in Table 1 below as the children were in the custody of the Youth Justice Board rather than the Prison Service.
For a list of deaths of children aged 17 and under in penal custody (prisons, young offender institutions and secure training centres) since 1990, please click here, while INQUEST also published a detailed study of deaths of children in state custody In The Care of the State? in 2005.
There has been a total of 154 deaths of teenagers in penal custody from 1 January 1990-date, broken down as follows:
- 144 self-inflicted deaths
- 1 other non-natural death
- 5 non-self-inflicted deaths
- 3 homicides
- 1 restraint-related death
Please also see our policy page on deaths of young people in custody.
An inquest is carried out by a coroner following every death in prison. If someone you know has died in prison we strongly recommend you contact our casework and advice service to make sure the circumstances of the death are properly looked in to.
See also statistics of all deaths in prison in England & Wales 1990-date and our policy pages on deaths in prison.
| Table 1: Deaths of young people aged 21 and under in prison (England & Wales) 1990-date |
|
| Year |
Self-Inflicted |
Non-Self-Inflicted |
Other Non-natural causes |
Homicide |
Total |
| 2012 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3
|
| 2011 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11
|
| 2010 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| 2009 |
9 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
| 2008 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
| 2007 |
9 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
| 2006 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
| 2005 |
13 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
14 |
| 2004 |
6 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
7 |
| 2003 |
13 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
| 2002 |
16 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
| 2001 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
| 2000 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
20 |
| 1999 |
19 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
| 1998 |
15 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
19 |
| 1997 |
16 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
19 |
| 1996 |
14 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
17 |
| 1995 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
12 |
| 1994 |
12 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
| 1993 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
| 1992 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
| 1991 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| 1990 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
| Total: |
244 |
18 |
2 |
6 |
270 |
Source: INQUEST casework and monitoring.
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Investigating Deaths in Custody: public event
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